Galaxy CCRO’s development journey reflects ongoing progress from early biomarker research to clinical evaluation and technology development. Each milestone represents scientific discovery, collaboration, and validation. Together, these steps demonstrate the company’s commitment to advancing practical diagnostic innovation.
1990
1990 - GSTP identified in human brain tissue
- GSTP shown to be highly expressed in neurons and brain interface cells
- Established role as a major antioxidant enzyme in the CNS
- Provided early biological relevance to neurological injury
1990
1996
1996 - Platelets release GSTP into plasma
- Platelets actively secrete GSTP into circulating blood
- Demonstrated vascular source of circulating GSTP
- Suggested clot formation could elevate GSTP levels
1996
1997
1997 - Baseline blood GSTP levels characterized
- Normal serum GSTp concentrations quantified in humans
- Serum levels found higher than plasma levels
- Established normal baseline ~15–30 ng/ml
1997
2004
2004 - GSTp elevated in CSF during brain injury
- Proteomic analysis detected strong GSTp increase in CSF
- Associated with ischemia and neuronal cell death
- Identified GSTp as candidate biomarker of brain injury
2004
2006
2006 - Studies confirm massive GSTp increase after neuronal death
- Western blot and immunoassay validation performed
- Post-mortem CSF levels dramatically elevated vs ante-mortem
- Confirmed GSTp release during severe brain hypoxia
2006
2011
2011 - GSTp discovered as stroke biomarker in human brain ECF
- Proteomic microdialysis study identified GSTp elevation in infarct core
- GSTp significantly higher in stroke patients vs controls
- Blood levels increased ~8-fold in stroke patients
2011
2012
2012 - GSTp shown to indicate time of stroke onset
- Large patient cohort studied with serum GSTp ELISA
- GSTp peaks within ~3 hours of stroke onset
- Early stroke diagnostic performance AUC ≈ 0.93
2012
2015
2015 - Stroke injury linked to oxidative stress
- Stroke shown to trigger excitotoxicity and ROS production
- GSTp regulates redox signaling and cellular defense
- Provided mechanistic explanation for GSTp elevation
2015
2018
2018 - Galaxy CCRO Founded
2018
2020
2020 - Galaxy CCRO Patent-protected protein biomarker for GSTP filed
Patent is wholly owned by Galaxy CCRO
2020
2021
2021 - Independent clinical validation of GSTp in stroke
- Study of 115 stroke patients vs 85 controls
- GSTp levels correlated with NIH Stroke Scale severity
- Diagnostic accuracy AUC ≈ 0.86 (0.98 combined biomarkers)
2021
2025
2024 - Galaxy CCRO Pre-clinical Trial
2025
2025
2025 - Blood-brain barrier disruption explains circulating GSTp
- BBB breakdown occurs in ~50% of stroke cases
- Allows brain proteins including GSTp to enter bloodstream
- Supports pathway from brain injury to serum biomarker
2025
2026
2026 - Platelet and erythrocyte biology reinforces GSTp mechanism
- Platelets and red blood cells identified as GSTp sources
- Clot formation and cell damage release GSTp into circulation
- Strengthens biological plausibility for stroke biomarker
2026